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Shoulder Replacement

Shoulder replacement, or arthroplasty, is a highly effective surgical intervention for individuals suffering from advanced arthritis in the shoulder joint, providing significant pain relief and restoration of function. This procedure involves the removal of damaged bone and joint surfaces and their replacement with artificial components known as prostheses.

 

There are several types of shoulder replacement surgeries, each suited to different conditions and patient needs:

 

a) Hemiarthroplasty (Partial Replacement):

In hemiarthroplasty, only the damaged or diseased humeral head (the ball of the shoulder joint) is replaced with a metal implant, while the natural socket (glenoid) is preserved. This procedure is typically performed in cases of severe arthritis affecting only the humeral head.

 

b) Anatomical Total Shoulder Replacement (aTSA):

An aTSA involves replacing both the humeral head and the glenoid with prosthetic components designed to mimic the natural anatomy of the shoulder joint. This procedure is suitable for patients with arthritis affecting both the humeral head and the glenoid.

 

c) Reverse Shoulder Replacement (RSA):

In a reverse shoulder replacement, the positions of the prosthetic components are reversed compared to a traditional shoulder replacement. The metal ball is fixed to the glenoid, and the plastic socket is attached to the humerus. This configuration is beneficial for patients with severe arthritis and irreparable rotator cuff tears, as it relies on different muscles to move the arm.

 

The success of shoulder replacement surgery relies heavily on precise surgical techniques and advanced technology. Computer-assisted planning and 3D printing of patient-specific instruments aid surgeons in accurately positioning the prosthetic components, optimizing outcomes and ensuring the longevity of the implants. This technology is particularly valuable in cases involving severe bone deformities or deficiencies resulting from advanced arthritis.

 

The procedure:

Shoulder replacement surgeries are typically performed as day procedures or with a short hospital stay of one night. During the surgery, the orthopaedic surgeon makes an incision to access the shoulder joint. The damaged bone and cartilage are then removed, and the prosthetic components are implanted securely into the bone. Once the components are in place, the incision is closed, and the surgical site is bandaged.

 

After the surgery, patients typically undergo a period of postoperative rehabilitation to regain strength, flexibility, and function in the shoulder. Rehabilitation may include gentle exercises, physical therapy, and gradually increasing the range of motion of the shoulder joint. The duration and intensity of rehabilitation will vary depending on the individual's condition and the type of surgery performed.

 

Overall, shoulder replacement surgery has been shown to provide significant pain relief and improvement in shoulder function for patients with advanced arthritis. With proper surgical technique, advanced technology, and diligent postoperative rehabilitation, many patients can experience restored mobility and quality of life following shoulder replacement surgery

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